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玻璃钢废气净化塔
废气净化塔简介
按气液相接触形态分为三类。第一类是气体以气泡形态分散在液相中的板式塔、鼓泡吸收塔、搅拌鼓泡吸收塔;第二类是液体以液滴状分散在气相中的喷射器、文氏管、喷雾塔;第三类为液体以膜状运动与气相进行接触的填料吸收塔和降膜吸收塔。2008北京奥运赛艇喷漆废气净化塔供应商,则根据实践总结，研发出的生物净化塔，采用生物净化原理，层层过滤吸附净化，是废气净化塔中的又一种独到的设备。
塔内气液两相的流动方式可以逆流也可并流。通常采用逆流操作，吸收剂以塔顶加入自上而下流动，与从下向上流动的气体接触，吸收了吸收质的液体从塔底排出，净化后的气体从塔顶排出。
废气净化塔应具备以下基本要求:
◇ 塔内气体与液体应有足够的接触面积和接触时间。
◇ 气液两相应具有强烈扰动，减少传质阻力，提高吸收效率。
◇ 操作范围宽，运行稳定。
◇ 设备阻力小，能耗低。
◇ 具有足够的机械强度和耐腐蚀能力。
◇ 结构简单、便于制造和检修。
废气净化塔种类
1.填料塔
它由外壳、填料、填料支承、液体分布器、中间支承和再分布器、气体和液体进出口接管等部件组成，塔外壳多采用金属材料，也可用塑料制造。
填料是填料塔的核心，它提供了塔内气液两相的接触面，填料与塔的结构决定了塔的性能。填料必须具备较大的比表面，有较高的空隙率、良好的润湿性、耐腐蚀、一定的机械强度、密度小、价格低廉等。常用的填料有拉西环、鲍尔环、弧鞍形和矩鞍形填料，20世纪80年代后开发的新型填料如QH-1型扁环填料、八四内弧环、刺猬形填料、金属板状填料、规整板波纹填料、格栅填料等，为先进的填料塔设计提供了基础。
填料塔适用于快速和瞬间反应的吸收过程，多用于气体的净化。该塔结构简单，易于用耐腐蚀材料制作，气液接触面积大，接触时间长，气量变化时塔的适应性强，塔阻力小，压力损失为300-700Pa，与板式塔相比处理风量小，空塔气速通常为0.5-1.2m/s，气速过大会形成液泛，喷淋密度6-8m3/(m2，h)以保证填料润湿，液气比控制在2-10L/m3。填料塔不宜处理含尘量较大的烟气，设计时应克服塔内气液分布不均的问题。
2.湍球塔
它是填料塔的一种特殊形式，运行时塔内填料处于运动状态，以强化吸收过程。在塔内栅板间放置一定数量的轻质小球填料(直径29-38mm)，吸收剂自塔顶喷下，湿润小球表面，气体从塔底进入，小球被吹起湍动旋转，由于气、液、固三相充分接触，小球表面液膜不断更新，增加了吸收推动力。提高了吸收效率。
该塔制造、安装、维修较方便，可以用大小、质量不同的小球改变操作范围。该塔处理风量较大，空塔气速1.5-6.0m/s，喷淋密度20-110m3/(m2?h)，压力损失1 500-3 800Pa，而且还可处理含尘气体。其缺点是塑料小球不能承受高温，小球易裂(一般0.5-1年)，需经常更换，成本高。
3.板式塔
板式塔是在塔内装有一层层的塔板，液体从塔顶进入。气体从塔底进入，气液的传质、传热过程是在各个塔板上进行。板式塔种类很多。大致可分为二类:一类是降液管式，如泡罩塔、筛孔板塔、浮阀塔、S形单向流板塔、舌形板塔、浮动喷射塔等;另一类是穿流式板塔，如穿流栅孔板塔(淋降板塔)、波纹穿流板塔、菱形斜孔板塔、短管穿流板塔等。
(1)筛孔板塔
筛孔直径一般取5~10mm，筛孔总面积占筛板面积的10%~18%。为使筛板上液层厚度保持均匀，筛板上设有溢流堰，液层厚度一般为40mn左右，筛板空塔风速约为1.0~3.5m/s，筛板小孔气速6~13m/s，每层筛板阻力300~600Pa。筛孔板塔主要优点是构造简单，处理风量大，并能处理含尘气体。不足之处是筛孔堵塞清理较麻烦，塔的安装要求严格，塔板应保持水平;操作弹性较小。
(2)斜孔板塔
斜孔板塔是筛孔板塔的另一形式。斜孔宽10~20m，长10~15mm，高6mm。空塔气流速度一般取1~3.5m/s，筛孔气流速度取10~15m/s。气体从斜孔水平喷出，相邻两孔的孔口方向相反，交错排列，液体经溢流堰供至塔板(堰高30mm)，与气流方向垂直流动，造成气液的高度湍流，使气液表面不断更新，气液充分接触，传质效果较好，净化效率高，同时可以处理含尘气体，不易堵塞，每层筛板阻力约为400~600Pa。该塔结构比筛孔板塔复杂，制造较困难，安装要求严格，容易发生偏流。
(3)文氏管吸收器
文氏管吸收器通常由文氏管、喷雾器和旋风分离器组成，操作时将液体雾化喷射到文氏喉管的气流中，气流速度为60~100m/s，处理100m3/min的废气需液体雾化喷人量为40L/min。文氏管吸收器结构简单、设备小、占空间少、气速高、处理量大、气液接触好、传质较容易，特别适用于捕集气流中的微小颗粒物。但因气液并流，气液接触时间短，不适合难溶或反应速度慢的气液吸收，而且压力损失大(800~9000h)，能耗高。
Brief introduction of exhaust gas purification tower
According to the gas-liquid contact form is divided into three categories. The first kind is a plate type tower, a bubbling absorption tower and a stirring bubbling absorption tower, wherein the gas is dispersed in a liquid phase in the form of bubbles; The second kind is the liquid droplets dispersed in the gas phase in the ejector, venturi, spray tower; The third category is the packing absorption tower and falling film absorption tower in which the liquid comes into contact with the gas phase in a film-like motion. According to the practice summary, the bio-purification tower developed by the supplier of the exhaust gas purification tower for the 2008 Beijing Olympic boat painting is another unique equipment in the exhaust gas purification tower by adopting the bio-purification principle and layer by layer filtration and adsorption purification.
The gas-liquid two-phase flow mode in the tower can be counter-current or co - current. A counter-current operation is generally employed, with the absorber flowing from top to bottom with the addition of the top of the column in contact with the gas flowing from bottom to top, the liquid absorbing the absorbent mass being discharged from the bottom of the column, and the purified gas being discharged from the top of the column.
The exhaust gas purification tower shall meet the following basic requirements:
◇ the gas and liquid in the tower shall have sufficient contact area and contact time.
◇ gas - liquid two corresponding strong disturbance, reduce mass transfer resistance, improve absorption efficiency.
◇ wide operation range and stable operation.
◇ equipment resistance is small and energy consumption is low.
◇ has sufficient mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
◇ simple structure, easy to manufacture and repair.
Type of exhaust gas purification tower
1. packed tower
It consists of casing, packing, packing support, liquid distributor, intermediate support and redistributor, gas and liquid inlet and outlet pipe, etc. the tower casing is mostly made of metal material, also can be made of plastic.
Packing is the core of packing tower, it provides the contact surface of gas-liquid two-phase in the tower, the structure of packing and tower determines the performance of the tower. The filler must have a large specific surface, high porosity, good wettability, corrosion resistance, certain mechanical strength, small density, low price, etc. The commonly used fillers are raschig ring, Bauer ring, arc saddle and rectangular saddle. the new fillers developed since 1980s, such as qh - 1 flat ring filler, 84 inner arc ring, hedgehog filler, metal plate filler, regular plate corrugated filler, grid filler, etc., provide the basis for advanced packing tower design.
Packing tower is suitable for rapid and instant reaction absorption process, mostly used for gas purification. The tower is simple in structure, easy to be made of corrosion-resistant materials, large in gas-liquid contact area, long in contact time, strong in adaptability of the tower when the air volume changes, small in tower resistance and pressure loss of 300 - 700pa Packing tower should not deal with the dust content is bigger, the design should overcome the problem of uneven distribution of gas and liquid in the tower.
2. turbulence tower
It is a special form of packing tower, the packing in the tower is in motion in order to strengthen the absorption process. A certain number of light ball fillers ( 29 - 38mm in diameter ) are placed between the grid plates in the tower, the absorbent is sprayed from the top of the tower, the surface of the ball is wetted, the gas enters from the bottom of the tower, the ball is blown to rotate in a turbulent manner, and due to full contact of gas, liquid and solid phases, the liquid film on the surface of the ball is continuously updated, and the absorption driving force is increased. And the absorption efficiency is improved.
The tower is convenient to manufacture, install and maintain, and the operation range can be changed by using small balls with different sizes and quality. The air volume of the tower is larger, the air velocity of the air tower is 1.5 - 6.0m / s, and the spray density is 20 - 110m3 / ( m2? H ), pressure loss 1500 - 3800 pa, but also can deal with dust-laden gas. Its disadvantage is that the plastic ball can not withstand high temperature, the ball is easy to crack ( generally 0.5 - 1 years ), need to change frequently, high cost.
3. plate tower
Plate tower is installed in the tower with a layer of plate, liquid from the top of the tower. Gas enters from the bottom of the tower, and the mass transfer and heat transfer processes of gas and liquid are carried out on each tower plate. There are many kinds of plate tower. Can be roughly divided into two categories: one is downcomer type, such as bubble cap tower, sieve orifice plate tower, floating valve tower, s - shaped one-way flow plate tower, tongue plate tower, floating jet tower, etc.; The other type is through-flow plate tower, such as through-flow grid orifice plate tower ( shower plate tower ), corrugated through-flow plate tower, rhombic inclined orifice plate tower, short tube through-flow plate tower, etc.
( 1 ) sieve plate tower
The diameter of the screen hole is generally 5 ~ 10 mm, and the total area of the screen hole accounts for 10 % ~ 18 % of the area of the screen plate. In ord to keep that thickness of the liquid layer on the sieve plate uniform, an overflow weir is arrange on the sieve plate, the thickness of the liquid layer is generally about 40mn, the air speed of the sieve plate empty tower is about 1.0 to 3.5m / s, the air speed of the sieve plate small holes is 6 to 13m / s, and the resistance of each layer of the sieve plate is 300 to 600pa. The main advantages of the sieve plate tower are simple structure, large processing air volume and capability of processing dust-containing gas. The disadvantage is that the screen hole blockage cleaning is troublesome, the installation requirements of the tower is strict, the tower plate should be kept level; The operation flexibility is small.
( 2 ) inclined hole plate tower
The inclined orifice plate tower is another form of sieve orifice plate tower. Inclined hole width 10 ~ 20 m, length 10 ~ 15 mm, 6 mm high. Air flow velocity of empty tower is generally 1 ~ 3.5m / s, sieve pore gas
According to the gas-liquid contact form is divided into three categories. The first kind is a plate type tower, a bubbling absorption tower and a stirring bubbling absorption tower, wherein the gas is dispersed in a liquid phase in the form of bubbles; The second kind is the liquid droplets dispersed in the gas phase in the ejector, venturi, spray tower; The third category is the packing absorption tower and falling film absorption tower in which the liquid comes into contact with the gas phase in a film-like motion. According to the practice summary, the bio-purification tower developed by the supplier of the exhaust gas purification tower for the 2008 Beijing Olympic boat painting is another unique equipment in the exhaust gas purification tower by adopting the bio-purification principle and layer by layer filtration and adsorption purification.
The gas-liquid two-phase flow mode in the tower can be counter-current or co - current. A counter-current operation is generally employed, with the absorber flowing from top to bottom with the addition of the top of the column in contact with the gas flowing from bottom to top, the liquid absorbing the absorbent mass being discharged from the bottom of the column, and the purified gas being discharged from the top of the column.
The exhaust gas purification tower shall meet the following basic requirements:
◇ the gas and liquid in the tower shall have sufficient contact area and contact time.
◇ gas - liquid two corresponding strong disturbance, reduce mass transfer resistance, improve absorption efficiency.
◇ wide operation range and stable operation.
◇ equipment resistance is small and energy consumption is low.
◇ has sufficient mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
◇ simple structure, easy to manufacture and repair.
Type of exhaust gas purification tower
1. packed tower
It consists of casing, packing, packing support, liquid distributor, intermediate support and redistributor, gas and liquid inlet and outlet pipe, etc. the tower casing is mostly made of metal material, also can be made of plastic.
Packing is the core of packing tower, it provides the contact surface of gas-liquid two-phase in the tower, the structure of packing and tower determines the performance of the tower. The filler must have a large specific surface, high porosity, good wettability, corrosion resistance, certain mechanical strength, small density, low price, etc. The commonly used fillers are raschig ring, Bauer ring, arc saddle and rectangular saddle. the new fillers developed since 1980s, such as qh - 1 flat ring filler, 84 inner arc ring, hedgehog filler, metal plate filler, regular plate corrugated filler, grid filler, etc., provide the basis for advanced packing tower design.
Packing tower is suitable for rapid and instant reaction absorption process, mostly used for gas purification. The tower is simple in structure, easy to be made of corrosion-resistant materials, large in gas-liquid contact area, long in contact time, strong in adaptability of the tower when the air volume changes, small in tower resistance and pressure loss of 300 - 700pa Packing tower should not deal with the dust content is bigger, the design should overcome the problem of uneven distribution of gas and liquid in the tower.
2. turbulence tower
It is a special form of packing tower, the packing in the tower is in motion in order to strengthen the absorption process. A certain number of light ball fillers ( 29 - 38mm in diameter ) are placed between the grid plates in the tower, the absorbent is sprayed from the top of the tower, the surface of the ball is wetted, the gas enters from the bottom of the tower, the ball is blown to rotate in a turbulent manner, and due to full contact of gas, liquid and solid phases, the liquid film on the surface of the ball is continuously updated, and the absorption driving force is increased. And the absorption efficiency is improved.
The tower is convenient to manufacture, install and maintain, and the operation range can be changed by using small balls with different sizes and quality. The air volume of the tower is larger, the air velocity of the air tower is 1.5 - 6.0m / s, and the spray density is 20 - 110m3 / ( m2? H ), pressure loss 1500 - 3800 pa, but also can deal with dust-laden gas. Its disadvantage is that the plastic ball can not withstand high temperature, the ball is easy to crack ( generally 0.5 - 1 years ), need to change frequently, high cost.
3. plate tower
Plate tower is installed in the tower with a layer of plate, liquid from the top of the tower. Gas enters from the bottom of the tower, and the mass transfer and heat transfer processes of gas and liquid are carried out on each tower plate. There are many kinds of plate tower. Can be roughly divided into two categories: one is downcomer type, such as bubble cap tower, sieve orifice plate tower, floating valve tower, s - shaped one-way flow plate tower, tongue plate tower, floating jet tower, etc.; The other type is through-flow plate tower, such as through-flow grid orifice plate tower ( shower plate tower ), corrugated through-flow plate tower, rhombic inclined orifice plate tower, short tube through-flow plate tower, etc.
( 1 ) sieve plate tower
The diameter of the screen hole is generally 5 ~ 10 mm, and the total area of the screen hole accounts for 10 % ~ 18 % of the area of the screen plate. In ord to keep that thickness of the liquid layer on the sieve plate uniform, an overflow weir is arrange on the sieve plate, the thickness of the liquid layer is generally about 40mn, the air speed of the sieve plate empty tower is about 1.0 to 3.5m / s, the air speed of the sieve plate small holes is 6 to 13m / s, and the resistance of each layer of the sieve plate is 300 to 600pa. The main advantages of the sieve plate tower are simple structure, large processing air volume and capability of processing dust-containing gas. The disadvantage is that the screen hole blockage cleaning is troublesome, the installation requirements of the tower is strict, the tower plate should be kept level; The operation flexibility is small.
( 2 ) inclined hole plate tower
The inclined orifice plate tower is another form of sieve orifice plate tower. Inclined hole width 10 ~ 20 m, length 10 ~ 15 mm, 6 mm high. Air flow velocity of empty tower is generally 1 ~ 3.5m / s, sieve pore gas